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Residents of Hong Kong are able to find restaurants that advertise a dish that contains grizzly bear paws. Since it is unlikely that grizzly bear paws are purchased from a private producer of animal paws, we can likely conclude that


A) international laws making it illegal to sell grizzly bear paws are likely to be very effective at eliminating these offerings at Hong Kong restaurants.
B) higher penalties for poaching grizzly bears will prevent poachers from killing.
C) there are likely to be very few grizzly bear poachers.
D) allowing individuals to own and raise grizzly bears for meat would likely reduce the threat of extinction to grizzly bear populations.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

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What is the main difficulty facing cost-benefit analysts when they attempt to evaluate the worthiness of proposed public projects?

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The main difficulty is that co...

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The profit motive that stems from private ownership means that elephant populations are best protected as common resources.

A) True
B) False

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Pete is a non-union employee at The Electric Co. The majority of the employees at The Electric Co. are unionized. The union at The Electric Co. has negotiated very good benefits. Even though he is not a union member and he does not have to pay union dues, Pete receives all the benefits that the union has negotiated. Pete's behavior is an example of


A) rivalry.
B) a barrier to entry.
C) free riding.
D) Taft-Hartley opposition.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Table 11-2 Consider a small town with only three families, the Greene family, the Brown family, and the Black family. The town does not currently have any streetlights so it is very dark at night. The three families are considering putting in streetlights on Main Street and are trying to determine how many lights to install. The table below shows each family's willingness to pay for each streetlight. Table 11-2 Consider a small town with only three families, the Greene family, the Brown family, and the Black family. The town does not currently have any streetlights so it is very dark at night. The three families are considering putting in streetlights on Main Street and are trying to determine how many lights to install. The table below shows each family's willingness to pay for each streetlight.    -Refer to Table 11-2. Suppose the cost to install each streetlight is $360 and the families have agreed to split the cost of installing the streetlights equally. If the residents choose to install the number of streetlights that will maximize total surplus from the streetlights, how much total surplus will the Greene family receive? A)  -$80 B)  $320 C)  $360 D)  $480 -Refer to Table 11-2. Suppose the cost to install each streetlight is $360 and the families have agreed to split the cost of installing the streetlights equally. If the residents choose to install the number of streetlights that will maximize total surplus from the streetlights, how much total surplus will the Greene family receive?


A) -$80
B) $320
C) $360
D) $480

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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Scenario 11-2 Consider the following goods: • fire-protection services provided by a fire department • a beautiful mural on the outside wall of a fire station • a firefighter's helmet -Refer to Scenario 11-2. Which of these goods is the best example of a club good? Briefly explain.

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Fire-protection services is th...

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Figure 11-1 Figure 11-1   -Refer to Figure 11-1. Which of the following items is not an example of the type of good represented by Box D? A)  a mathematical theorem B)  an uncongested toll road C)  national defense D)  fighting poverty -Refer to Figure 11-1. Which of the following items is not an example of the type of good represented by Box D?


A) a mathematical theorem
B) an uncongested toll road
C) national defense
D) fighting poverty

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Many species of animals are common resources, and many must be protected by law to keep them from extinction. Why is the cow not one of these endangered species even though there is such a high demand for beef?


A) Cows reproduce at a high rate and have adapted well to their environment.
B) Public policies protect cows from predators and diseases.
C) Cows are privately owned, whereas many endangered species are owned by no one.
D) There is a natural ecological balance between the birth rate of cows and human consumption.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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If good x is available free of charge, then


A) good x must be provided by nature.
B) good x must be provided by the government.
C) the private market cannot ensure an efficient allocation of resources in the market for good x.
D) government policy is incapable of increasing total surplus in the market for good x.

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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Even economists who advocate small government agree that national defense is a good that the government should provide.

A) True
B) False

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A free rider is a person who


A) will only purchase a product on sale.
B) receives the benefit of a good but avoids paying for it.
C) can produce a good at no cost.
D) rides public transit regularly.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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When good X is produced, some people benefit. A free-rider problem arises when


A) the number of people who benefit is small and it is impossible to prevent anyone from benefiting.
B) the number of beneficiaries is small and it is possible to prevent some people from benefiting.
C) the number of beneficiaries is large and it is impossible to prevent anyone from benefiting.
D) the number of beneficiaries is large and it is possible to prevent some people from benefiting.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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  Figure 11-1 -Refer to Figure 11-1. In which box - A, B, C, or D - does each of the following types of roads belong? Consider each type of road separately.) • an uncongested toll road • an uncongested nontoll road • a congested toll road • a congested nontoll road Figure 11-1 -Refer to Figure 11-1. In which box - A, B, C, or D - does each of the following types of roads belong? Consider each type of road separately.) • an uncongested toll road • an uncongested nontoll road • a congested toll road • a congested nontoll road

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An uncongested toll road belon...

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The free-rider problem


A) forces the supply of a public good to exceed its demand.
B) results in common resources becoming club goods.
C) explains why many local governments supply public goods.
D) results in public goods becoming private goods.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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The creation of knowledge is a public good. Because knowledge is a public good, profit-seeking firms tend to free- ride on the knowledge created by others and, as a result, devote too few resources to the creation of knowledge. How does the U.S. government correct for this apparent market failure?

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The government assigns and protects the ...

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Cost-benefit analysis is important to determine the role of government in our economy because


A) the government should provide all goods for which the benefits exceed the costs.
B) cost-benefit analysis identifies the possible gains to society from government provision of a particular good.
C) markets for private goods cannot effectively assign costs and benefits.
D) cost-benefit analysis is the best tool to identify market failures.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

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Under which of the following scenarios would a park be considered a club good?


A) Visitors to the park must pay an admittance fee, but there are always plenty of empty picnic tables.
B) Visitors to the park must pay an admittance fee and frequently all of the picnic tables are in use.
C) Visitors can enter the park free of charge and there are always plenty of empty picnic tables.
D) Visitors can enter the park free of charge, but frequently all of the picnic tables are in use.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

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If the use of a common resource is not regulated,


A) no one can enjoy it.
B) it will tend to be underused.
C) property rights will be clearly defined.
D) it will be overused.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

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Place each of the following in the correct location in the table. Place each of the following in the correct location in the table.   a. Congested toll roads b. Knowledge c. Fish in the ocean d. National defense e. Congested nontoll roads f. Cable TV g. The environment h. Fire protection i. Ice-cream cones j. Uncongested toll roads k. Clothing l. Uncongested nontoll roads a. Congested toll roads b. Knowledge c. Fish in the ocean d. National defense e. Congested nontoll roads f. Cable TV g. The environment h. Fire protection i. Ice-cream cones j. Uncongested toll roads k. Clothing l. Uncongested nontoll roads

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Consider a public road that anyone is allowed to drive on. If the road is often congested, the road would be considered a


A) private good.
B) club good.
C) common resource.
D) public good.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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