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Scenario 13-11 Walter builds birdhouses. He spends $5 on the materials for each birdhouse. He can build one in 30 minutes. He is semi-retired but earns $8 per hour at the local hardware store. He can sell a birdhouse for $20 each. -Refer to Scenario 13-11. An economist would calculate the total cost for one birdhouse to be


A) $5.
B) $8.
C) $9.
D) $13.

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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In his book, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith described a visit he made to a


A) car factory.
B) pin factory.
C) washing machine factory.
D) farm.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Table 13-17 Consider the following table of long-run total cost for four different firms: Table 13-17 Consider the following table of long-run total cost for four different firms:    -Refer to Table 13-17. Which firm has economies of scale over the entire range of output? A)  Firm 1 only B)  Firms 1 and 2 only C)  Firm 2 only D)  Firm 3 only -Refer to Table 13-17. Which firm has economies of scale over the entire range of output?


A) Firm 1 only
B) Firms 1 and 2 only
C) Firm 2 only
D) Firm 3 only

E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Table 13-19 Table 13-19    -Refer to Table 13-19. What is the average fixed cost of producing 430 units of output? -Refer to Table 13-19. What is the average fixed cost of producing 430 units of output?

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AFC = FC/Q...

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Table 13-18 Table 13-18    -Refer to Table 13-18. What is the shape of the marginal-cost curve? -Refer to Table 13-18. What is the shape of the marginal-cost curve?

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MC = change in TC / change in Q, so alth...

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In the long run the local coffee shop incurs total costs of $625 when output is 1,250 cups of coffee and $750 when output is 1,500 cups of coffee. For this range of output, the coffee shop exhibits


A) economies of scale.
B) constant returns to scale.
C) diseconomies of scale.
D) efficient scale.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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If the marginal cost of producing the tenth unit of output is $3, and if the average total cost of producing the tenth unit of output is $2, then at ten units of output, average total cost is rising.

A) True
B) False

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Table 13-2 Table 13-2    -Refer to Table 13-2. What is the marginal product of the third worker? A)  300 units B)  200 units C)  100 units D)  50 units -Refer to Table 13-2. What is the marginal product of the third worker?


A) 300 units
B) 200 units
C) 100 units
D) 50 units

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Frank owns a dog-grooming business. Which of the following costs would be implicit costs? (i) dog shampoo (ii) rent on the storefront (iii) wages Frank could earn as a substitute elementary-school teacher (iv) interest that Frank's money was earning before he spent his savings to set up the dog­ Grooming business


A) (i) and (ii) only
B) (iv) only
C) (iii) and (iv) only
D) (i) , (ii) , (iii) , and (iv)

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Table 13-6 Wooden Chair Factory Table 13-6 Wooden Chair Factory    -Refer to Table 13-6. The Wooden Chair Factory experiences diminishing marginal product of labor with the addition of which worker? A)  the third worker B)  the fourth worker C)  the fifth worker D)  the sixth worker -Refer to Table 13-6. The Wooden Chair Factory experiences diminishing marginal product of labor with the addition of which worker?


A) the third worker
B) the fourth worker
C) the fifth worker
D) the sixth worker

E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

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Diseconomies of scale occur when a firm's


A) marginal costs are constant as output increases.
B) long-run average total costs are decreasing as output increases.
C) long-run average total costs are increasing as output increases.
D) marginal costs are equal to average total costs for all levels of output.

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

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Firms may experience diseconomies of scale when


A) they are too small to take advantage of specialization.
B) large management structures are bureaucratic and inefficient.
C) there are too few employees, and managers do not have enough to do.
D) average fixed costs begin to rise again.

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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Since the 1980s, Wal-Mart stores have appeared in almost every community in America. Wal-Mart buys its goods in large quantities and, therefore, at cheaper prices. Wal-Mart also locates its stores where land prices are low, usually outside of the community business district. Many customers shop at Wal-Mart because of low prices. Local retailers, like the neighborhood drug store, often go out of business because they lose customers. This story demonstrates that


A) consumers do not react to changing prices.
B) there are diseconomies of scale in retail sales.
C) there are economies of scale in retail sales.
D) there are diminishing returns to producing and selling retail goods.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Accountants keep track of the money that flows into and out of firms.

A) True
B) False

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Describe the relationship between average variable cost and average total cost. How are the general shapes of the AVC and ATC curves related?

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ATC = AVC + AFC, so the vertical distanc...

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The average-total-cost curve reflects the shape of both the average-fixed-cost and average-variable-cost curves.

A) True
B) False

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Diseconomies of scale often arise because higher production levels allow specialization among workers.

A) True
B) False

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In the long run a company that produces and sells laundry detergent incurs total costs of $2,500 when output is 1,250 units and $2,750 when output is 1,500 units. For this range of output, the laundry detergent company exhibits


A) economies of scale.
B) constant returns to scale.
C) diseconomies of scale.
D) efficient scale.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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The things that must be forgone to acquire a good are called


A) implicit costs.
B) opportunity costs.
C) explicit costs.
D) accounting costs.

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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In the long run, a factory is usually considered a fixed input.

A) True
B) False

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