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A recent increase in federal gasoline taxes was estimated to cause a $150 million reduction in the total surplus (consumer plus producer surplus)in the gasoline market.If tax revenues increased by $100 million,what is the deadweight loss associated with the tax? As a result of the tax,10,000 people sold their cars and started riding their bicycles to work.How much of the burden of the deadweight loss is incurred by the bicycle riders?

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The direct deadweight loss is $50 millio...

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Table 12-2 United States Income Tax Rates for a Single Individual, 2002 and 2003. Table 12-2 United States Income Tax Rates for a Single Individual, 2002 and 2003.    -Refer to Table 12-2.Costa is a single person whose taxable income is $50,000 a year.By how much is his income tax bill lowered due to the change in the tax rates between 2002 and 2003? A) $500 B) $594 C) $691.50 D) $697.50 -Refer to Table 12-2.Costa is a single person whose taxable income is $50,000 a year.By how much is his income tax bill lowered due to the change in the tax rates between 2002 and 2003?


A) $500
B) $594
C) $691.50
D) $697.50

E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

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Table 12-2 United States Income Tax Rates for a Single Individual, 2002 and 2003. Table 12-2 United States Income Tax Rates for a Single Individual, 2002 and 2003.    -Refer to Table 12-2.Costa is a single person whose taxable income is $50,000 a year.What is his average tax rate in 2003? A) 19.6% B) 20.5% C) 21% D) 27% -Refer to Table 12-2.Costa is a single person whose taxable income is $50,000 a year.What is his average tax rate in 2003?


A) 19.6%
B) 20.5%
C) 21%
D) 27%

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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The principle that people should pay taxes based on the benefits they receive from government services is called the


A) pay principle.
B) tax-benefit principle.
C) government services principle.
D) benefits principle.

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

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A tax that is higher for men than for women violates the criterion of


A) horizontal equity.
B) vertical equity.
C) the ability-to-pay principle.
D) the marriage tax.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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One reason that deadweight losses are so difficult to avoid is that


A) taxes affect the decisions that people make.
B) income taxes are not paid by everyone.
C) consumption taxes must be universally applied to all commodities.
D) the administrative burden is hard to calculate.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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As tax laws become more complex,


A) the administrative burden of taxes will increase.
B) compliance costs are likely to decrease.
C) the government will collect more in tax revenue.
D) the amount of tax revenue lost to tax evasion will decrease.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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Which tax system requires higher-income taxpayers to have lower tax rates,even though they pay a larger amount of tax when compared to lower-income taxpayers?


A) a proportional tax
B) a progressive tax
C) a regressive tax
D) a lump-sum tax

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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An advantage of a consumption tax over the present tax system is that a consumption tax


A) raises more revenues.
B) would save the government millions in administrative costs.
C) places more of the tax burden on the wealthy.
D) does not discourage saving.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

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In choosing the form of a tax,there is often a tradeoff between


A) allocative and productive efficiency.
B) profits and revenues.
C) efficiency and fairness.
D) fairness and profits.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Kyle places a $10 value on a glass of red wine,and Keith places an $8 value on it.If there is no tax on glasses of red wine,the price of a glass of red wine reflects the cost of making it.The equilibrium price for a glass of red wine is $6.Suppose the government levies a tax of $3 on each glass of red wine,and the equilibrium price of a glass of red wine increases to $9.What is total consumer surplus after the tax is levied?


A) $1
B) $3
C) $4
D) $6

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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Because of Iceland's tax holiday in 1987,


A) GDP for that year decreased by 4 percent, and total work hours fell by 8 percent.
B) GDP for that year decreased by 6 percent, and total work hours fell by 4 percent.
C) GDP for that year increased by 4 percent, and total work hours increased by 3 percent.
D) GDP for that year increased by 8 percent, and total work hours increased by 6 percent.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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The argument that each person should pay taxes according to how well the individual can shoulder the burden is called


A) the ability-to-pay principle.
B) the equity principle.
C) the benefits principle.
D) regressive.

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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A tax on all forms of income will


A) lower the effective rate of interest on savings.
B) have no effect on savings.
C) enhance social welfare because the benefits will outweigh the costs.
D) enhance the incentives to save.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Table 12-2 United States Income Tax Rates for a Single Individual, 2002 and 2003. Table 12-2 United States Income Tax Rates for a Single Individual, 2002 and 2003.    -Refer to Table 12-2.Costa is a single person whose taxable income is $50,000 a year.What is his marginal tax rate in 2003? A) 10% B) 15% C) 27% D) 30% -Refer to Table 12-2.Costa is a single person whose taxable income is $50,000 a year.What is his marginal tax rate in 2003?


A) 10%
B) 15%
C) 27%
D) 30%

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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All of the following are transfer payments except


A) Medicaid.
B) unemployment compensation.
C) personal income taxes.
D) Food Stamps.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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In the United States,the marginal tax rate on the personal federal income tax


A) decreases as income increases.
B) increases as income increases.
C) is constant at all income levels.
D) applies only to payroll taxes.

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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European countries tend to rely on which type of tax more so than the United States does?


A) an income tax
B) a lump-sum tax
C) a value-added tax
D) a corrective tax

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Table 12-8 Table 12-8    -Refer to Table 12-8.If the government imposes a $2,000 lump-sum tax,the average tax rate for Marcia and Charles would be A) 5 percent and 6.7 percent, respectively. B) 8 percent and 6 percent, respectively. C) 12 percent and 9 percent, respectively. D) 13 percent and 10 percent, respectively. -Refer to Table 12-8.If the government imposes a $2,000 lump-sum tax,the average tax rate for Marcia and Charles would be


A) 5 percent and 6.7 percent, respectively.
B) 8 percent and 6 percent, respectively.
C) 12 percent and 9 percent, respectively.
D) 13 percent and 10 percent, respectively.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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When government receipts exceed total government spending during a fiscal year,the difference is


A) a budget surplus.
B) a budget deficit.
C) the national debt.
D) automatically refunded.

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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