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Which of the following is true of the dynamic nature of culture?


A) The least defining element of a culture is its values.
B) Culture prohibits the changing of an environment.
C) Culture sets up ethics regarding technology.
D) Consumers are born with a cultural identity.

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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Discuss how personality affects consumer behavior.

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Answers will vary. Each consumer has a u...

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Unlike affluent upper-class consumers, working-class or middle-class consumers are more likely to be salaried executives or self-employed professionals with at least an undergraduate degree.

A) True
B) False

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How do reference groups influence consumer buying decisions?

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Answers will vary. A reference group con...

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Discuss the importance of understanding consumer behavior.

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Answers will vary. Consumers' product an...

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Unlike hedonic value, utilitarian value:


A) is a form of perceived value.
B) is obtained from products rather than services.
C) can be viewed as a means to an end.
D) can be enjoyed without making a purchase.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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_____ is an example of routine response behavior.


A) Booking a cruise vacation
B) Buying an $800 personal computer
C) Buying an air conditioner for the first time
D) Purchasing groceries

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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_____ is a process whereby a consumer notices certain stimuli and ignores others.


A) Stimulus generalization
B) Selective exposure
C) Cognitive dissonance
D) Selective retention

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Rochelle wants to purchase a new gaming laptop. She compares two latest models of gaming laptops from different manufacturers with similar build quality and hardware specifications. Rochelle reads reviews of each product on reputed online forums before making her decision. In this scenario, Rochelle is being influenced by _____.


A) a marketing-controlled information source
B) routine responsive behavior
C) a nonmarketing-controlled information source
D) an internal information search

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Marina buys a new pair of shoes from Repop, an online store. She logs in to Repop's Web site and finds that her homepage has been customized to display the status of her latest purchase. Along with that information, other products like socks, jeans, and T-shirts were also displayed as recommendations. In this scenario, Repop is using _____ in order to exert influence over the decision making journey.


A) contextual interaction
B) proactive personalization
C) journey innovation
D) automation

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, self-actualization is the highest human need of all.

A) True
B) False

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Involvement is the amount of time and effort a buyer invests in the search, evaluation, and decision processes of consumer behavior.

A) True
B) False

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_____ occurs when consumers change information that conflicts with their feelings or beliefs.


A) Stimulus generalization
B) Selective distortion
C) Cognitive dissonance
D) Selective retention

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Consumers' product preferences for themselves remain stagnant in all stages of the family life cycle.

A) True
B) False

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How does marketing strategy differ based on the level of involvement associated with a product?

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Answers will vary. For high-involvement ...

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Linda usually does not spend much time selecting gifts while buying them. However, when buying a pen for her husband's birthday, she visited several stores and spent a lot of time selecting the pen. This scenario is an example of _____.


A) product involvement
B) situational involvement
C) shopping involvement
D) enduring involvement

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Recently, Jenny Inc. launched a new laptop in the market. Blake bought the laptop but was disappointed when several cheaper laptops were successfully launched in the market soon after. To get over his disappointment, he convinced himself that those laptops were inferior in quality. This scenario illustrates _____.


A) selective distortion
B) stimulus discrimination
C) cognitive dissonance
D) confirmation bias

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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Andrea wants to take her husband, Bill, to an exotic island to surprise him on their tenth wedding anniversary. She has made reservations at an expensive hotel. However, she is now worried whether she is going to get service worth the money she spent. In this scenario, Andrea's inner tension would reduce if:


A) she has no other hotel to stay on the island.
B) she differentiates between her needs and wants.
C) she focuses on her internal stimuli than external stimuli.
D) her friends also recommend the hotel.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Social influences on consumer buying decisions are most likely to help in:


A) reducing a feeling of uncertainty among consumers.
B) making impulse purchase decisions.
C) recognizing one's feelings and formulating opinions.
D) shaping human behavior and transmitting it from one generation to the next.

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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Joshua is a millionaire, and he manages several successful companies. He usually interacts with people of similar status. Given this information, Joshua and the people he interacts with are part of a _____.


A) family
B) social class
C) popular culture
D) reference group

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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